1.4 Major forms/ Types of Education
- Formal Education
- Non-Formal Education
- Informal Education
The educational system which is provided in schools, colleges, universities and other educational institutions formally is called formal education. Formal education refers to the structured education system that runs from primary school to university and includes specialized program for vocational, technical and professional training. It is conducted in a certain space within a certain time to attain pre-determined objectives by the direction of programmed curriculum and textbooks. The education system which is provided to offer a certain rank to the students on the basis of certain curriculum, contents, learning experiences, teaching learning activities, teaching methods, material, duration, evaluation and pattern of certificate is called formal education.
Characteristics of formal education
- Structured Education
- Planned and deliberate
- Scheduled fees are paid regularly
- Chronological grading system
- Certain syllabus and subject oriented
- Teacher oriented
- Uniform, fulltime and certain institution( school and college)
- Certificate and degree oriented
Weakness of formal Education
- Bounded education system
- Rigid
- Stratification
- Elite-oriented
- Certificate and job oriented
- Highly Expensive
- urban-oriented
Non formal education goes beyond the realm of formal education system. It is opposite to the formal education. It is conducted in terms of need and necessities of learners. It is a package of education which is constructed in terms of interests, needs, necessities and aspirations of target group. It is skilled based and activity oriented education. For example; adult education, literacy program, woman education, program for helpless children etc. It is not concerned to pass or fail the learners. Examination may or may not take place at the end of the education. Education is measured by efficiency and performances. Flexible process of admission, education and output.
Characteristicsof Non-formal Education
- It is well planned and no need of nay school system
- A participatory learing system.
- It is open ended educational system.
- No need for structured course and curriculam
- Age, time and curriculam Flexible.
- Mainly for vocational training
- Skilled based education
- Involvement of both public and private sector in the process
- Run by GO ,NGO and INGO
- Exam may or may not conducted
- Certificate, awards may or may not be awarded at the end of learning
3. Informal Education
Informal education is truly lifelong process. It does not have a predetermined objective or curriculum. It does not have a fixed time or limit. In this education system, the agency that provides education, may or may not have a well defined objective and well targeted group of learners. An individual learns many things through his/her day to day activities, incidents, experiences etc. is called informal education. For example, a person can learn many things by visiting, hiking, watching, seeing, participating in different activities of social institutions and cultural ceremonies, talking with friends and peer groups, through different of media as radio, television, journals, magazines, newspapers, internet, social networking sites like face book, twitter etc. According to Cooms, informal education as' the lifelong process by which every person acquires and accumulates knowledge, skill, attitude and insights from daily experience and exposure to environment.'
Characteristicsof infromal Education.
- unorganized learning
- Pratical learning
- Accesible Learning
- No curriculam
- No classroom
- Does not end
- lifelong process
- learning by imitation
- Pratical and sustainable learning
- Self-experiences
- Development of innate power
1.5 Nature of Education
The nature of education is based on goals, motivation,
attitudes, methods, activities or learning efforts and attempts. Nature is the essential quality
or characteristics by which something is recognized. The nature of education is quite
dependent on how the people perceive it, how this system functions and what the
outcomes of this system are. The following are the main nature of education
1.5.1 Direct and indirect Education
When learners get education through direct ways, it is called direct education.
Generally, when the learners learn from the personality, skill, concept, knowledge, habit,
activities, behavior and other aspects of the teachers directly, it is called direct education.
The formal class-room teaching learning activities where the teacher directly teaches the
learners is one of the best examples of it. It has predetermined schedule and certain
objectives, too. Here, the educator wants to teach something to the learner and the learner
consciously learns what is taught to them. The educator may be a teacher, parents, a senior
person or a group leader.
Education cannot be limited in to the direct delivery between two groups: teacher and student. People can both teach and learn in indirect manners also. Here, teacher and student may not be directly involved in educative process. Teachers can teach the students without deliberate dialogue. They can play the role of a guide or even a facilitator or inspirer for the learning of their students. Students can learn by taking cues from teacher's guidance. All this education can be termed as indirect education. The education which does not have any pre-determined system and objectives, and through which the learners can modify their behavior by learning in terms of their interests, needs, necessities and aspirations is termed as indirect educatiob
Education cannot be limited in to the direct delivery between two groups: teacher and student. People can both teach and learn in indirect manners also. Here, teacher and student may not be directly involved in educative process. Teachers can teach the students without deliberate dialogue. They can play the role of a guide or even a facilitator or inspirer for the learning of their students. Students can learn by taking cues from teacher's guidance. All this education can be termed as indirect education. The education which does not have any pre-determined system and objectives, and through which the learners can modify their behavior by learning in terms of their interests, needs, necessities and aspirations is termed as indirect educatiob
1.5.2 individual and collective Education
Individual education is provided individually to a learner in terms of his/her interests,
qualification, needs etc. The product of education is learning, which is termed as positive
change in the behaviors of the learners in the form of modified knowledge, skill and
attitude. This concept is related to individual learning. a teacher and a student interact
individually, which results learning within student. Learning is purely an individual process
and education is judged in the form of learning of an individual student.
Collective education is such kind of education which is provided for all learners collectively irrespective of their individual differences, interests, needs, necessities, qualification, abilities etc. It is provided by a teacher to a group of the learners to accomplish the same objectives which is especially based on social need in general. A group of students and teacher can be collectively involved in a teaching learning process. It can take place between students and students as well. Students can also share their experiences for their learning. Human beings are the social animal by nature. They have inborn tendencies to be socialized. They want to learn by others and want to express their individuality to others. This motivation pushes them towards collective education. Therefore, classes are designed to provide collective education
Collective education is such kind of education which is provided for all learners collectively irrespective of their individual differences, interests, needs, necessities, qualification, abilities etc. It is provided by a teacher to a group of the learners to accomplish the same objectives which is especially based on social need in general. A group of students and teacher can be collectively involved in a teaching learning process. It can take place between students and students as well. Students can also share their experiences for their learning. Human beings are the social animal by nature. They have inborn tendencies to be socialized. They want to learn by others and want to express their individuality to others. This motivation pushes them towards collective education. Therefore, classes are designed to provide collective education